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The Fair Housing Act is the pivotal piece of federal legislation that specifically prohibits discrimination in housing based on race or color, along with several other protected characteristics such as religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability. Established in 1968 and amended several times, the Fair Housing Act aims to promote equal housing opportunities and to eliminate barriers that prevent individuals from accessing housing based on discriminatory practices.

This legislation is critical in ensuring that all individuals have the right to search for housing and live in a community of their choosing without facing discrimination. It provides a legal framework for individuals who experience discriminatory practices in housing to seek remedies and hold accountable those who violate their rights.

Other acts mentioned, such as the Civil Rights Act, which also addresses discrimination but does not focus solely on housing, and may pertain to a broader range of contexts, or the Equal Opportunity Housing Act, which complements the Fair Housing Act but isn't the primary legislation outlining these protections, do not individually encapsulate the specific prohibition against housing discrimination as effectively as the Fair Housing Act does. The Housing for Everyone Act, while promoting various housing initiatives, does not serve the specific role of prohibiting discrimination based on race or color in housing situations.